Pregnancy
Heat therapy devices are likely safe to use during pregnancy, but evidence is lacking.
Important! Talk to your doctor before you start heat therapy.
Category: No category assigned by FDA
Category A
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
Category B
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Category C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Category D
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Category X
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
Breastfeeding
Excretion into human milk: No
Important! Talk to your doctor before you start heat therapy.
References
- Min, S., Park, S. Y., Yoon, J. Y. & Suh, D. H. Comparison of fractional microneedling radiofrequency and bipolar radiofrequency on acne and acne scar and investigation of mechanism: comparative randomized controlled clinical trial. Archives of Dermatological Research 307, 897–904 (2015).
- Kaminaka, C., Uede, M., Matsunaka, H., Furukawa, F. & Yamamoto, Y. Clinical studies of the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars and acne with a bipolar fractional radiofrequency system. The Journal of Dermatology 42, 580–587 (2015).
- Yu, J. N. T. & Huang, P. Use of a TriPollar radio-frequency device for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 13, 50–53 (2011).
- Sadick, N. S., Laver, Z. & Laver, L. Treatment of mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris using a combined light and heat energy device: Home-use clinical study. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 12, 276–283 (2010).
- Elman, M. & Lask, G. The role of pulsed light and heat energy (LHE TM ) in acne clearance. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 6, 91–95 (2004).