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Antibodies Elicited by Inactivated Propionibacterium acnes-Based Vaccines Exert Protective Immunity and Attenuate the IL-8 Production in Human Sebocytes: Relevance to Therapy for Acne Vulgaris
Propionibacterium acnes is a key pathogen involved in the progression of inflammation in acne vulgaris. We examined whether vaccination against P. acnes suppressed P. acnes-induced skin inflammation. Inactivation of P. acnes with heat was employed to create a P. acnes-based vaccine. Intranasal immunization in mice with this inactivated vaccine provoked specific antibodies against P. acnes. Most notably, immunization with inactivated vaccines generated in vivo protective immunity against P. acnes challenge and facilitated the resolution of ear inflammation in mice. In addition, antibodies elicited by inactivated vaccines effectively neutralized the cytotoxicity of P. acnes and attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 in human sebocyte SZ95 cells. Intranasal immunization using heat-inactivated P. acnes-based vaccines provided a simple modality to develop acne vaccines. These observations highlight the concept that development of vaccines targeting microbial products may represent an alternative strategy to conventional antibiotic therapy.
Propionibacterium acnes is a key pathogen involved in the progression of inflammation in acne vulgaris. We examined whether vaccination against P. acnes suppressed P. acnes-induced skin inflammation. Inactivation of P. acnes with heat was employed to create a P. acnes-based vaccine. Intranasal immunization in mice with this inactivated vaccine provoked specific antibodies against P. acnes. Most notably, immunization with inactivated vaccines generated in vivo protective immunity against P. acnes challenge and facilitated the resolution of ear inflammation in mice. In addition, antibodies elicited by inactivated vaccines effectively neutralized the cytotoxicity of P. acnes and attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 in human sebocyte SZ95 cells. Intranasal immunization using heat-inactivated P. acnes-based vaccines provided a simple modality to develop acne vaccines. These observations highlight the concept that development of vaccines targeting microbial products may represent an alternative strategy to conventional antibiotic therapy.
Another acne researcher from Penn State had this to say about the research.
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The authors’ data demonstrate that inactivated Propionibacterium acnes vaccines are able to promote resolution of inflammation in vivo, in addition to counteracting cytokine production by sebocytes in response to P. acnes. Even though these experiments were conducted in mice, the results are promising and offer hope that a vaccine that targets P. acnes may be a beneficial alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of acne. P. acnes colonization plays a role in the development of inflammatory acne. Antibiotic therapy has been used for more than 25 years for the treatment of acne. Recently, attention has focused on the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, including P. acnes, with the continued use of antibiotics. New treatment modalities that affect P. acnes survival are needed and the authors of this study investigated and developed an initial vaccine against P. acnes as a novel treatment for acne vulgaris. To establish their model system of P. acnes-induced inflammation, live P. acnes was intradermally injected into outbred mouse ears and the ears were monitored for signs of inflammation (erythema, swelling and granulomatous response). P. acnes triggered inflammation, whereas phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injections into the contra-lateral ear did not. Serum samples of mice inoculated intranasally with heat-killed P. acnes for three weeks demonstrated the development of antibodies to two main components of P acnes; antibodies were not cross-reactive to Staphylococcus epidermis, indicating the specificity of the antibody response. Protective immunity was evaluated by vaccination with heat-killed P. acnes or PBS (control) followed by intradermal injections of live P. acnes to the mouse ear. Mice that received the vaccination recovered (no signs of P. acnes-induced inflammation) within 22 days of the intradermal P. acnes challenge, while those mice that received the PBS vaccine recovered after 78 days. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the P. acnes antiserum against sebocyte cytokine (IL-8) production in vitro. Sebocytes that were pre-incubated with P. acnes antiserum had significantly decreased levels of IL-8 production in response to live P. acnes bacteria when compared to sebocytes that were pre-incubated with serum from PBS-inoculated control mice.
Here is a link to the initial research for those interested in deeper reading.
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